五个基本句型汉译英练习
1：主谓结构（Subject+Verb）
本结构是由主语(Subject)加不及物的谓语动词(Vi.)构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，
The sun rises.
主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises.
谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.
1. You should study hard.
2. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
2.主系表结构
说明： 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。
系动词有
（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound.
（2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand.
（3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.
1. My brothers are all college students.
2. Mrs Brown looks very healthy.
3. Children, keep quiet please.
4. The leaves have turned yellow.
5. The report sounds interesting.
3：主谓宾结构（一）
此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语构成。其中的谓语动词须是及物动词或及物动词词组。
宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
1. I wrote a letter last night.
2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3. He has read this book many times.
4. They have carried out the plan successfully.
5. You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6. That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7. I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.
8. Jim cannot dress himself.
9. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
10. He did not know what to say.
11. He takes a cold bath every morning.
12. Do you mind my opening the window?
主谓宾结构（二）
说明：
此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。
1. I don’t believe in(介) that man.
2. He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition.
3. On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers.
4. You must hand in（副） your exercise-books after class.
5. We cannot work out（副） the problem in five minutes.
6. They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero.
7. The nurse will take good care of your father.
8. You can depend on（介） him in your work.
9. Boiling water gives off（副） steam.
10. After writing a composition, we must go over（介）it.
11. Take off your coat and put it on（副） before you leave.
12. People will find her out（副）.
13. We must send for（介） a doctor.
4:双宾语结构
说明：此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，
He brings me cookies every day.
She made me a beautiful dress.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，
He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：
（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。
（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。
1. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4. Would you please pass me the dictionary?
5. He showed the ticket to the conductor.
6. This term I have written three letters to my parents.
7. My father has bought me a new bike.
8. Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.
9. Will you please get me a new copy?
10. Shall I call you a taxi?
The new machine will save you a lot of labour.
5:复合宾语结构
说明: 此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如，
The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。
即 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如，
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
翻译练习
1. 我们叫她Alice.
2. 他的父母给他取名为John.
3. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
4. 他们把门推开了。
5. 他们把小偷释放了。
6. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。
7. 他请我们参加做游戏。
8. 我要你把真相告诉我。
9. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。
10. 明天我要找人来修理机器。
11. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
12. 痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
13. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
14. 他每个月理一次发。
15. 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。
16. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
17. 她正在听人家讲故事。
18. 男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。
19. 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。
20. 他感到很难跟你交谈。
21. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。
22. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
23. 学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。
24. 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
参考答案
1. We call her Alice.
2. His parents named him John.
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. They pushed the door open.
5. They have set the thief free.
6. We will make our school more beautiful.
7. He asked us to join in the game.
8. I want you to tell me the truth.
9. The guards ordered us to leave at once.
10. Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
11. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.
12. The pain made him cry out.
13. We won’t let her go out at night.
14. He has his hair cut once a month.
15. I’ll get my recorder mended.
16. The terrible sound made the children frightened.
17. She is listening to someone telling stories.
18. The boys were watching the soldiers drilling.
19. I have never seen the word used that way before.
20. He felt it very difficult to talk with you.
21. I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
22. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.
23. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.
24. I thought it no use talking with that man.
